If I walk by the cam to get to the stand I'll swap cards every time I pass it. If it's off season scouting usually once a week. With Energizer Lithium batteries and a 16gb card I can ignore if for quite a while with no problem.
Why not just get 2 SD cards for every camera and swap them out - It's what I do and saves me a trip. Edit: Didn't read the rest of the thread! Good idea on the 2 cards
I check them every 2-3 weeks usually. Sometimes more often, sometimes less. Deer are funny creatures. On my last pull, I had a video of my brother-in-law, me and my daughter walking by a trail camera at about 4:30. We were heading to check my coyote traps about 120 yards away over the hill. At 4:46, 3 doe show up and mill around in that little clover plot for about 5 minutes. At 4:57, I have a video of us walking back through. Those doe never spooked or showed any sign of being concerned even though we were 120 yards away, talking and making a bunch of noise resetting a trap that had been tripped.